Constitutional laws, Fundamental rights in the Republic of India.
Please read articles under the category of ‘Constitution of India’. These pages comprise of important Articles of the Constitution and about Fundamental rights of Indian Citizens.
In his Objectives Resolution, dt. December 13, 1946, to the Constituent Assembly, Nehru asserted that all power and authority in India are derived from the people, not from any divine source or monarchical lineage. (It is important to recall that Jawaharlal Nehru firmly rejected the notion of divine authority to govern the lands held by … Read more
CONSTITUTION (NINETY-FIRST AMENDMENT) ACT 2003 [1st January, 2004.] An Act further to amend Anti-defection law of the Constitution of India. Be it enacted by Parliament in the Fifty-fourth Year of the Republic of India as follows:— CONSTITUTION (NINETY-FIRST AMENDMENT) ACT 2003 1. This Act may be called the Constitution (Ninety-first Amendment) Act, 2003, 2.In article … Read more
Anti-defection law (bare Act) Anti-defection law (bare Act): Statement of Objects and Reasons appended to the Constitution (Fifty-second Amendment) Bill, 1985 (Bill No. 22 of 1985) which was enacted as THE CONSTITUTION (Fifty-second Amendment) Act, 1985. STATEMENT OF OBJECTS AND REASONS The evil of political defections has been a matter of national concern. If it … Read more
India stands as a Sovereign Nation: India stands as a Sovereign Nation: The citizens of India formally established their nation as a Sovereign Democratic Republic on January 26, 1950. The Constitution of India became effective on this significant date. Notably, the Constitution was formulated exclusively by democratically elected Indian representatives serving within the Constituent Assembly. … Read more
Article 32 of the Constitution: Article 32 is a fundamental right that ensures every citizen of India has access to constitutional remedies. Article 32 grants citizens the right to petition the Supreme Court for remedy when their fundamental rights are infringed. Article 226 of the Constitution provides similar remedies through the High Courts. Article 32 … Read more
Article 226 of the Constitution: Article 226 is a basic right that ensures every citizen of India has access to constitutional remedies. Article 226 allows individuals to petition the High Court for remedy in cases where their fundamental rights have been infringed. Article 226 is akin to Article 32. Article 226 of the Constitutuion (1) … Read more
Karachi resolution The Karachi resolution of AICC 1931 was, in fact, a pivotal moment in the history of Congress. It set the stage for the future Constitution of India. It was initially written by Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru. It included various elements such as Labour regulations, Industrial growth, Economic fundamentals, social progress, etc. In this section, … Read more
Basic Structure of Indian Constitution Basic Structure of Indian Constitution: In 1973, the Supreme Court of India articulated the Doctrine of Basic Structure of the Indian Constitution. The Supreme Court determined that specific essential attributes of the Constitution cannot be modified or changed by Parliament, even though Article 368 empowers Parliament to amend the Constitution. … Read more
Imposition of Hindi Our Constitution designates both Hindi and English official languages. Hindi is among the 22 National Languages of India. Thus, it is incorrect to assert that Hindi is the sole National Language of India. (हिंदी भाषा का विवाद) Click here to see, Article 343 on Official Languages of India. The BJP may be instigating … Read more
हिंदी केंद्रीय अधिकार भाषा है मुझे उम्मीद है कि आने वाले समय में भाजपा की हिंदी भाषा का विवाद भाजपा पर उछाल देगा। एक भाषा के लिए एक राष्ट्र के नारा 100 साल पहले यूरोपीय पुनर्गठन के दौरान पर लाया गया था। उस समय पुराने राज्यों के टूटने के बाद क्षेत्रीय भाषाई राष्ट्रों का गठन … Read more
Sec 498A of IPC (Sections 85 and 86 of BNS) has begun affecting not just lives but also undermining the fundamental structure of the Indian family institution. At present, the parents of a son or a man are increasingly apprehensive about Section 498A of the IPC, leading them to permanently distance themselves from their son … Read more
హిందీ భాష హిందీ ప్రజలు గుజరాతీయుల ఆధిపత్యాన్ని నిరసిస్తున్నారేమోననే భయంతో బిజెపి ఇప్పుడు ఈ హిందీ భాష వివాదము ను లేవనెత్తుతున్నట్లు కనబడుతోంది. అలా వారిని మభ్యపెట్టి వచ్చే ఎన్నికల్లో విజయం సాధించవచ్చని వారు భావించవచ్చు. దేశంలోని అసలు సమస్యల నుండి ప్రజల దృష్టిని మళ్లించడానికి ఇది కూడా ఉపయోగపడుతుంది. (हिंदी भाषा का विवाद) ప్రధాన విషయం ఏమిటంటే, హిందీ కేంద్ర స్థాయిలో అధికార భాషగా ఉంది. హిందీతో పాటు ఇంగ్లీష్ కూడా అధికార భాషగా … Read more
Secularism Secularism for Western societies differs from our understanding and implementation in India. And the Essence of Secularism was advocated and implemented by our Nation’s Leaders. The term ‘Secularism’ was absent from our original Constitution. The Indira Gandhi Government included it in the Preamble of the Constitution via the 42nd Constitutional Amendment in 1976. However, … Read more
Parliament sidelined Parliament sidelined: In the British era, external affairs were removed from the Central Legislator’s scope, meaning Parliament was overlooked to protect British interests, thus making the British Indian Government subordinate to the British Parliament. Referring to the Government of India Act 1919, it stipulated that the Military, Air Force, Navy, and India’s relations … Read more
ప్రజాస్వామ్య వ్యవస్థ మనుగడ? ప్రజాస్వామ్య వ్యవస్థ మనుగడ?: లోక్ సభ మరియు రాజ్య సభలలో అణు ఒప్పందం విషయమై ప్రభుత్వం పార్చలమెంటు లో చర్చను అనుమతించడము లేదు. మన ప్రజాస్వామ్య వ్యవస్థ మనుగడ కు ఇది ప్రమాదకరము. అమెరికా దేశ ఆదేశాలను సిరసా అనుసరించే విదేశాంగ విధానం కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వం పాటించడానికి ఉర్రూతలూగుతున్నట్లు తెలుస్తోంది. ఢిల్లీ లోని కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వం అమెరికాతో అణు ఒప్పందం సంబంధిత వ్యవహారంలో ఏకపక్షంగా వ్యవహరిస్తున్న తీరు ఆశ్చర్యాన్ని కలిగిస్తుంది. (ఈ విశేషాంశం … Read more
న్యాయ వ్యవస్థలో మార్పు భారతీయ న్యాయ వ్యవస్థ లో మార్పుల కోసం న్యాయ వ్యవస్థపై సమీక్ష జరగాల్సిన ఆవశ్యకత చాలా ఉందని చెబుతూ ఇండియన్ ఎక్స్ ప్రెస్ దినపత్రికలో 17.01.2002 నేను ఈ ఉత్తరం వ్రాయడం జరిగింది. అనిల్ దివాస్ అనే వ్యక్తి జనవరి 8, 2002న ప్రచురించిన ‘చట్టం’ అనే వ్యాసానికి అనుకూలంగా నేను ఈ ఉత్తరాన్ని వ్రాశాను. ఇది సంపాదకులకు లేఖలు / శీర్షికలో Need of the hour (Page: Judicial Reforms) … Read more
Judicial reforms Judicial reforms are essential for an improved society and for guiding the political landscape in the proper direction. Anil Divan’s articel with caption, ‘Limited by Law’ (Jan 8, 2002), is timely one in this age of IT and openness. (The following text is an article ‘Need of the hour’ written by this author … Read more
పార్టీ ఫిరాయింపులు రాజకీయ పార్టీ అధినేతల నియంత్రుత్వ ధోరణికి మూలము, బలము పార్టీ ఫిరాయింపుల నిరోధక చట్టము అని నా అభిప్రాయము. అందువల్ల, పార్టీ ఫిరాయింపుల నిరోధక చట్టాన్ని అమలు చేయకపోతే, మన ఎంపీలు మరియు ఎంఎల్యేలు పార్లమెంటు మరియు అసెంబ్లీలో స్వతంత్రంగా వ్యవహరించడం ద్వారా ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ రాష్ట్ర విభజనను అడ్డుకోవడం సాధ్యం కాదు. 4.10.13 తేదీకి ముందు రాత్రి, కేంద్ర ప్రభుత్వం మంత్రి మండలిలో రాష్ట్రాన్ని విభజించడానికి, అంటే ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ రాష్ట్రం నుండి పూర్వ హైదరాబాదు … Read more
Indian government runs on the basis of Westminister system of Govt. of England. According to which Executive powers rest with the Cabinet of Ministers. And they are collectively responsible for the Parliament. Wherein Head of the State plays nominal role in running of the Government. In the begenning Jawajarlal Nehru answered to a query that … Read more
Anti-Defection law Anti-Defection law defeats democracy: I believe the primary cause of this nation’s political decline is the “Anti-defection law.” This legislation was incorporated into the Constitution as Schedule 10 under Articles 102(2) & 191(2) by means of Constitutional Amendment No. 52 in 1985. The primary aim of this legislation was to stop MPs and … Read more
Article 356 Article 356 and President’s rule: Apropos ‘Perceptions’ on ‘misuse of article 356’ to impose President’s rule (IE April 12, 1993) in States. Justice R.S.Sakaria rightly commented stating “Article 356 is comparable to a very potent medicine.” Article 356 is one of the major tools in the hands of Union Government enabling it to check … Read more
Constitution of India Constitution – main Articles: The Original Constitution of India featured 395 Articles, organized into 8 Schedules and 22 Parts. The current Constitution of India contains 448 Articles divided into 25 Chapters and 12 Schedules, following multiple amendments throughout the years. The Constitution of India draft was created by different committees within the … Read more
Indian Democracy is a gift of Nehru: A large number of people in India overlook the reality that Indian democracy is a legacy of Nehru. The Indian nation operates its governance on Democratic and Republican ideals as outlined by Nehru in the Constitution of India. He was the one who understood the idea of equal … Read more