The Nizam of Hyderabad State issued the Mulki Rules in 1919. These Mulki regulations were designed to stop the flow of individuals from Non-Nizam regions, specifically Bengali and Hindi peoples, into the employment of the Nizam State. And thus to create job opportunities for local Telugu individuals. (ముల్కీ-నిబంధనలు)
It is worth mentioning that during that time, official positions were primarily monopolized by Elite Muslims from Hindustan (North India), Kayasthas, and Brahmins from the Bengal-Bihar region, as well as Maratha Brahmins such as Deshmukhs, Patils, and others.
Discontented Telugus (Telangana residents) in 1919 managed to turn the Nizam situation into a directive that might ultimately decrease the influx of intellectuals or officials from ‘foreign’ regions like Hindustan or Bengal. It can be remembered that in 1969, the Andhra Pradesh High Court ruled that the enforcement of Mulki laws was invalid in the new State. Then the Jai Telangana Movement began, leading to violent incidents in Hyderabad aimed at the Coastal people. At that time, the violence was quelled.
In 1972, the Supreme Court supported the enforcement of the Mulki laws in the state of Andhra Pradesh. Subsequently, the Jai Andhra movement began advocating for the separation of Andhra State from Hyderabad, lasting for 110 days. Ultimately, Indira Gandhi introduced an amendment to the Constitution of India that added Article 371D to protect the job interests of the Telangana area, which was then considered unable to compete with the Coastal Andhra people. It was anticipated that all forms of regional reservations should conclude by 1980 to establish a favorable basis for uniting people from diverse regions.
I’m unclear about the reasons the High Court dismissed the Mulki laws and why the Supreme Court supported Mulki in the AP State. Reinforcing the Mulki law by the Supreme Court caused irreversible harm to the State. Perhaps it was a plot by North Indians to hinder the unification of AP into a single entity. It should be acknowledged that Mrs. Indira Gandhi advocated for one Andhra Pradesh and the rapid unification of its citizens.
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It should be observed that this regulation established by Nizam was, in reality, targeted at non-Telugu individuals who had been monopolizing job opportunities under Nizam. The individuals from Bengal and Bihar, as well as Hindustanis—both Muslim and Hindu—targeted by this law were non-Telugu Brahmins and Khayasthas.
But Judgment issued by Supreme court in 1972 for application of Nizam’s Mulki law against people of former domains (Coastal and Rayalaseema districts) of Nizam after their reunification is most unfortunate event in the History of Andhra Pradesh. These Mulki order of Nizam ordains that a person seeking employment under Nizam must be a citizen of Hyderabad for a period of at least 15 Years. The Mulki rule reads like this,
Mulki Rules
39. No person will be appointed in any Superior or Inferior services without specific sanction of His exalted Highness, if he is not a Mulki, in terms of the rules laid down in Appendix “ N”
Clause 6 of Rules:
a) A person shall be called a Mulki if—-
by birth he is a subject of the Hyderabad State, or
b) by residence in the Hyderabad State, be entitled to be a Mulki, or
c) his father having completed 15 years of Service was in the Government Service at the time of his birth , or
d) she is a wife of a person who is a Mulki.
3) A person shall be called a Mulki who was a permanent resident of theHyderabad State for at least 15 years and has abandoned the idea of returning to the place of his residence and has obtained an affidavit to that effect on a prescribed form attested by a Magistrate.
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